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两者都为向美国进口货物的托运人提供关税减免策略,但两者之间存在重大差异...
2025 年 8 月 4 日
外贸区(FTZs)又称自由贸易区,是美国境内特别指定的区域,在正常海关协议之外运作,允许公司在某些条件下暂时或完全避免进口税。
外贸区的目标是激励公司在美国生产产品,否则关税和其他壁垒可能会鼓励他们在其他地方生产产品,雇用美国工人从事仓储和处理等供应链职能,并为经常出口的制造商创造更高效的供应链。
在货物离开外贸区并进入美国贸易之前,关税将被延迟。适用的税率是货物进入外贸区时有效的税率,并且必须以特惠外国(PF)身份入境。某些联邦法律不适用于进入外贸区的商品。

外贸区一直是美国出口的重要推动力,因为活跃的外贸区业务数量已 攀升自 2018/2019 年第一次中美贸易冲突以来。

资料来源外贸区委员会向国会提交的年度报告。
保税仓库是由美国海关和边境保护局(CBP)负责安全和监管的设施。(CBP)监管的设施,进口货物可在此存放而无需支付关税,直至提取。保税仓库被视为美国海关辖区,所有联邦法律都适用于进入保税仓库的商品。

保税仓库有不同的等级:
生产只能在 6 级保税仓库进行,用于出口。
注:第 1、2、3、4、5、6、7 或 11 类也可由海关及边境保护局批准用于类似第 8 类的操作活动。操作与制造之间的区别可能非常明显和复杂。

Bonded: No importer/entry bond is required, but an FTZ operator bond is required.
FTZ: Proprietor must have a proprietor’s bond, and each entry must be covered by either a single or continuous importer/entry bond.
Bonded: Duties paid only if goods enter U.S. commerce.
FTZ: If goods are re-exported or scrapped, no duties are owed.
Bonded: Duties are paid only when goods are withdrawn from the warehouse.
FTZ: Duties are deferred until goods enter the U.S. market.
Bonded: Generally, only dutiable imported merchandise and/or merchandise subject to a quota may be admitted.
FTZ: Both foreign and domestic may be admitted.
Bonded: Up to 5 years
FTZ: Unlimited
Bonded: Duty/tariff rates are paid based on the date of the bonded warehouse withdrawal.
FTZ: Different zone statuses allow classification and duty/tariff payment either in condition of merchandise as admitted to FTZ (PF Status) or in condition of merchandise upon withdrawal from FTZ (NPF Status).
Note: All trade remedy actions (i.e., Reciprocal Tariffs, IEEPA, Section 301, Section 232, Section 201, AD/CVD) mandate that imported merchandise be admitted to FTZs in PF Status, thereby solidifying the duty/tariff rates associated with that merchandise at the time of FTZ admission and preventing traditional FTZ inverted tariff/duty reduction benefits.
Additionally, merchandise subject to Antidumping (AD)/Countervailing (CV) duties must be admitted in PF Status, but AD/CVD duties are assessed at the rate in effect at the time of entry for consumption from the FTZ.
Bonded: Limited activities such as repacking and labeling
FTZ: Expanded capabilities include assembly, kitting, and storage
外贸区: 外贸区可将国内和国外商品一起存放在启用区内,两种商品可在一个外贸区内合并存放。 外贸区。
库存可按批号或 UIN(零件编号/SKU)进行管理,并按先进先出或先进先出方法进行损耗。
保税仓库: 保税仓库只能在有效保税仓库区域内存放进口应税商品,因此不能将外国商品和国内商品放在一起。
库存可按批号管理,或经美国海关批准,按 UIN(零件编号/SKU)管理,并按先进先出(FIFO)方法进行损耗。不同类型商品的合并受到限制。
保税区: 进口商在办理每周入境手续时可利用保税区提取商品供美国消费,这可节省大量资金并带来物流方面的好处。
保税仓库: 无每周入仓选项!每个保税仓库的提取都是个性化的,这对某些公司和商品来说是可行的,但对其他公司和商品来说就不那么可行了。
